Human Resource Management Expantion of Organization

Question: Describe about the Human Resource Management for Expantion of Organization. Answer: Introduction: Cappuccino, a very reputed coffee shop located at UAE and in other parts of the world, has recently decided to expand itself in two new foreign locations- USA and Australia. The major reason behind this decision, has been the realization that the organization has been able to conduct successful business at UAE, and became popular within a span of 5 years. Hence, further international expansion of the organization will help the organization achieve greater brand awareness, apart from helping it to enhance its revenue (Bradley et al. 2012). The organization established in the year of 1970, conducted successful trade in UAE, until it expanded in other parts of the world as well, such as Russia, China, Japan, India and Brazil. However, at present, the organization thought that it would be discreet to focus its trade on a few limited regions, and it was being found out that America and Australia are becoming great startup hubs of business stores. However, it is important to remember that as a result of the sudden restructuring method, the organization may encounter unforeseen challenges in foreign locations, in the form of ethical or cultural or CSR issues, and hence it is important to consider and analyze these issuesbefore undertaking the process of global expansion (Wilkinson 2013). Discussion: Cappuccino is desirous to expand itself in Australia, because the country offers a number of grants for the purpose of start up business, and as a country full of tourist site locations, the prospect of a coffee shop is great. Beside, since Cappuccino is a reputed organization all over the world, it can easily gain huge recognition among the tourists all around the world visiting Australia, as well as the ordinary consumers of the country. Besides, Cappuccino has chosen to expand in USA as well, primarily because the country offers great business opportunities to any foreign organization, and also because the Americans consume coffee in great amount, and hence a coffee shop can gain instant popularity with the American consumers. The organization, in case of both the countries has decided that the working staffs should neither be totally native nor should be completely foreign. While conducting business outside, the organization will have to remember that cultural clash or community clash may emerge if the consumers are unable to avail the assistance of the working staffs that belong to their own country, or ethnic group (Feraro and Broody 2015). As a result of the diverse culture of Australia, Cappuccino will hire a diverse workforce in Australia, while in USA, the organization will hire fresh US citizens, to assume the responsibility of coffee shop employees. The organization will enter into a joint venture agreement with a popular coffee shop organization of each of the countries (Lee and Griffith 2012). Cultural Issues of Conducting Business in Australia and America The cultural consideration, while conducting business in a foreign location is of utmost importance, and hence Cappuccino has to ensure that the organization, while conducting business in foreign locations does not encounter any sort of cultural conflict among the employees or the consumers (Moran et al. 2014). There is no gain stating the fact that USA has a highly distinct and unique culture, and it is absolutely different from the corporate culture of UAE or any other part of the world. Cappuccino is a UAE based organization, and as such coming from the homogenous culture, the employees or the managers of the organization must be mindful of the multicultural influence of the country. Cappuccino as a UAE based organization, conducting trade mostly in the Asian countries, relies more on a hierarchical and collectivist way of conducting business. However, in USA, while entering into joint venture agreement with a partner firm, Cappuccino has to ensure that the business activities are being carried out in an autonomous and independent way (Greenwood 2002). The US culture has a low context culture, and as such the managers and the Directors of Cappuccino must hold regular meetings and interactive sessions with the managers of the partner firm, so as to enable the easy, smooth exchange of info rmation facts as well as opinions. The US culture does not call for the need of a formal approach to businessand hence cracking a joke, calling by first names are highly acceptable in USA (Knox and Marston 2013). On the other hand, unlike the US culture, the Australian work culture is more formal and rigid. While conducting business in Australia, it is important to be punctual and straightforward, and since the Australians are more formal in their ways of communication, it is important to maintain the courtesy while conducting official meetings. The Australians always welcome innovative ideas, and hence it is important to keep on introducing fresh, innovative, novel ideas in the business (Fry et al. 2013). Ethical Issue to be Faced in Australia and America Cappuccino must ensure that it does not conduct business in an unethical and immoral way in a foreign location. The organization after setting up its stores in Australia or USA, should not hire cheaper labor force from foreign locations, instead of hiring the native workers of Australia or America. Again, in both USA as well as Australia, the entire population consists of people belonging to diverse ethnic cultures and tribes, and hence hiring an all-inclusive, diverse workforce, is highly important (Burchil et al. 2013). Further, the organization must make sure that it does not in any way harm the environment or ecological sustainability of the local region of the respective country. The Australian government, in fact, has legislated business ethics, by making it mandatory that an organization will be required to preserve the environment as well as ecological balance of the country (Nye and Welch 2016). CSR Issues to be Faced in Australia and America Recent research has shown that countries and cultures differ in their understanding as well as the adoption of the Corporate Social Responsibility acts. While undertaking the CSR activities in USA, it should be remembered that unlike the Asian or Middle West countries, in USA, the US firms are not expected to focus too much on prevention of illiteracy or gender discrimination programs, yet on the issues related to the well-being of the community (Bair et al. 2015). Here, the organization Cappuccino must instigate social involvement by forming partnership with NGOs, and thereby trying to improve the education of the poor children, or the standard of life of the impoverished people of the nation. However, unlike UAE, or China, Japan or Russia, at USA, as a US company, the organization is required to report the details of its CSR activities (Idowu et al. 2013). The issue of CSR is highly important in Australia as well. The Australian government makes it mandatory that the organizations must consider the social and environmental factors while conducting business in Australia. As it is already known, that the CSR activities of the organization help in improving the financial performance of an organization, and is highly critical in sustaining the business of the organization (Crane et al. 20130. While expanding in other parts of the world, Cappuccino must ensure that it engages in CSR activities, as it helps not only in motivating the employees and other stakeholders, such as the consumers, but it also helps in developing and improving the brand image of the organization, However, it should be remembered that the organization chooses the most effective CSR activities. Australia suffers from a high rate of unemployment, and hence it would be highly advisable for Cappuccino to hire a large number of Australian employees for the coffee shop, as it would help in eliminating the problem of poverty and unemployment from Australia. Apart from the job creation strategy, Cappuccino must also invest for creating a diverse workforce, as diversity of various ethnic cultural groups plays an important role in Australia (Gond et al. 2011). Organizations, such as Woolworths have gained much reputation in the Australian market by employing a diverse workforce. The organization must form an alliance with a Non-Government Organization, and should support educational programs. In case of both the organizations, CSR plays an important role, and hence Cappuccino must try to incorporate the CSR strategies in its vision and mission of the organization (Shen 2011). Conclusion: The organization can flourish and can achieve great brand recognition in the foreign locations. However, the managing authority of Cappuccino should note that while going global, the organization must pay sufficient heed that may arise out of the cultural conflict or difference in ethics of the host country and the foreign country. Hence, it is highly recommended that the organization analyzes and critically evaluates the issues that may impede the growth of the organization in the foreign market. To conclude, it must be noted that the organization has a huge prospect in overseas market. However, there are cultural differences among the countries and hence it is important to train the workers accordingly to suit the culture of the country they are working for. In addition, Cappuccino must also adopt the most appropriate and effective CSR strategy in the respective countries. Reference List: Bair, J. and Palpacuer, F., 2015. CSR beyond the corporation: contested governance in global value chains.Global Networks,15(s1), pp.S1-S19. Bradley, B.A., Blumenthal, D.M., Early, R., Grosholz, E.D., Lawler, J.J., Miller, L.P., Sorte, C.J., D'Antonio, C.M., Diez, J.M., Dukes, J.S. and Ibanez, I., 2012. Global change, global trade, and the next wave of plant invasions.Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,10(1), pp.20-28. Burchill, S., Linklater, A., Devetak, R., Donnelly, J., Nardin, T., Paterson, M., Reus-Smit, C. and True, J., 2013.Theories of international relations. Palgrave Macmillan. Crane, A., Matten, D. and Spence, L.J., 2013. Corporate social responsibility in a global context.Chapter in: Crane, A., Matten, D., and Spence, LJ,'Corporate Social Responsibility: Readings and Cases in a Global Context,2, pp.3-26. Ferraro, G. and Brody, E.K., 2015.Cultural Dimension of Global Business. Routledge. Fry, D.P. and Bjorkqvist, K., 2013.Cultural variation in conflict resolution: Alternatives to violence. Psychology Press. Idowu, S.O., Capaldi, N. and Zu, L., 2013.Encyclopedia of corporate social responsibility. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Knox, P.L. and Marston, S.A., 2013.Human geography: Places and regions in global context. Pearson. Lee, H.S. and Griffith, D.A., 2012. Transferring corporate brand image to local markets: Governance decisions for market entry and global branding strategy. In K.S. Swan and S. Zou eds.,,Interdisciplinary Approaches to Product Design, Innovation, Branding in International Marketing(pp. 39-65). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Moran, R.T., Abramson, N.R. and Moran, S.V., 2014.Managing cultural differences. Routledge. Nye Jr, J.S. and Welch, D.A., 2016.Understanding global conflict and cooperation: an introduction to theory and history. Pearson. Wilkinson, R., 2013.The WTO: Crisis and the governance of global trade. Routledge. Gond, J.-P., Igalens, J., Swaen, V. El Akremi, A., 2011 The human resources contribution to responsible leadership: an exploration of the CSR-HR interface, Journal of Business Ethics, 98, pp.115-132. Greenwood, M.R., 2002 Ethics and HRM: a review and conceptual analysis, Journal of Business Ethics, 36 (3), pp.261-278. Shen, J., 2011 Developing the concept of socially responsible international human resource management, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22 (6), pp.1351-1363.

The social cultural impacts of the Montserrat Volcanic Crisis placing the experience in a wider Caribbean context Essay Example

The social cultural impacts of the Montserrat Volcanic Crisis placing the experience in a wider Caribbean context Essay Montserrat is a small Caribbean island of approximately 102km2 in size and is situated to the South of its closest neighbour, Antigua. Both islands form part of the Leeward Islands chain as shown below: The island itself is a British overseas territory of volcanic origin, and until recently remained dormant. However, since 1995, the island has been severely affected by eruptions of the Soufriere Hills Volcano and the subsequent pyroclastic flows and mudslides associated with the volcanic activity. Such events have destroyed Plymouth, the Islands capital, the Airport situated on the East coast and much of the Southern third of the island. We will write a custom essay sample on The social cultural impacts of the Montserrat Volcanic Crisis placing the experience in a wider Caribbean context specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The social cultural impacts of the Montserrat Volcanic Crisis placing the experience in a wider Caribbean context specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The social cultural impacts of the Montserrat Volcanic Crisis placing the experience in a wider Caribbean context specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This has resulted in considerable social implications as a consequence of de-territorialization defined by Rozdilsky (2002) as the process of losing the natural relationship between culture and social territory, including the old new forms of symbolic production. The island once had a population of over 11000 people, which decreased considerably by approximately 2/3 to just 4500 in 2000 and is now home to only 80% of the original population figure approximately 8 000 people. In response to the eruption, approximately 2500 people relocated to other Caribbean islands and 3300-3700 had relocated before 1998 (DFID, 1999). Currently, the population is concentrated into the Northern third of the Island following the introduction of an Exclusion Zone encapsulating the most dangerous areas surrounding the Soufriere hills as shown below: The evacuation of people from dangerous areas of the island caused localized unrest and placed enormous pressures on the islanders. As Shotte describes the effect of these movements: Life for Montserratians has never been the same since July 1995. Three phases of internal displacement within the first nine months of the volcanic crisis, proved to be a frustrating and emotionally draining experience. Thus began the roller-coaster existence of a people whose lives were forcefully propelled on to unexpected and challenging roadways. The considerable reduction in land available for housing created serious social impacts; Those who chose not to leave the island following evacuation from the South where faced by two possibilities share with friends/family or be placed in temporary accommodation such as the Montserratian Defence Force barracks at Geralds. Eventually 1 in 7 people were housed temporarily in shelters. For many, a sense of order and stability in life is represented by land and home. For many Montserratians, this has been removed, producing disassociation and a confusion as to the sense of belonging. The people of Montserrat pre-1995 had a particular emotional attachment to their land. Plymouth and other areas around the island not only symbolised their identity and sense of being but also their ancestors struggle against colonialism and slavery. The land was previously seen as a type of security that can be handed down (Skelton. 2000. p70). Evacuation from the South has placed a strain on the areas of Davy Hill and Geralds where a large proportion of relocation has taken place. Geralds in particular has and is facing major changes through the construction of the new Airport to replace Bramble Airport, which was lost under pyroclastic flows on the East Coast. Despite offering 35 new jobs when completed and many during construction, at a cost of $EC42.6 million, the airport will dramatically change a large area of cultivated and inhabited land in the North of the Island meaning yet more relocation for those unlucky enough to be living where the airport is being built. Angela Greenaway (2002) comments that: for sustainable development to be achieved, there must be planning which caters for the local community but also has a healthy respect for the environment. This statement supports the need for sustainable development incorporating the airport but will come as little relief for the residents of Geralds who could well be relentlessly affected. The airport is however, very important to the development and safety (in terms of evacuation) of the island as more passengers will be catered for in light aircraft than the heliport could ever support. The questionable closure of the port (Osbourne, 2003) however, and removal of a twice-daily ferry service capable of carrying over 300 passengers is likely to hinder the development process until larger aeroplanes are able to service the island. For this to be the case, the runway must be extended which, according to the head of construction for the airport, is impossible given the shape of the land. Montserrat is characterised by a unique social and economic structure following the recent volcanic activity. Once self-sufficient and striving for independence, Montserrat is now more dependent than ever on Britain. The island once boasted low levels of unemployment and one of the highest standards of living in the Caribbean and up until the 1995 eruptions, had not received budgetary aid from the UK since 1981 (Skelton, 2000). The extent of Montserrats substantial borrowings (Cassell-Sealy, 2002) following 1995 was highlighted by the Chief Minister John Osbourne, who when interviewed, estimated that 80% of development funding post-volcanic event was received from the UK and EU. A return to self-sufficiency by 2007 is a target set out by the Montserratian government despite the admittance that independence is now impossible for the foreseeable future (Osbourne, 2003). As a direct result of the volcanic activity and threat of future such occurrences highlighted by the introduction of the exclusion zone in October 1996, much of the aforementioned population reduction was through migration to other Caribbean islands (predominantly the neighbouring Antigua to the North and Guadeloupe to the South), North America and most importantly the United Kingdom (Mainly due to colonial links). The decrease in population generated several negative effects such as the dramatic reduction in revenue from taxes and a productivity base loss of 95% (resulting from the dramatic reduction of both males and females in the main productivity age group of 15 64 years old) (DFID, 1999). Similarly, the island is experiencing the brain/skill drain, which symbolises the loss of talent and intellect to other countries from the same age group. Attracting Montserratians back to the island is proving a difficult task mainly due to the rates of pay, which are low in comparison to other countries such as the UK. Services such as education suffer considerably as a result with the lack of teachers hindering future development of the education system. This is a problem which the government hopes to ease with the use of subsidies from the UK, should they become available. Pre-1995 the economy was primarily service-based with a significantly large female workforce acting as both producers and reproducers (Skelton, 1989). Since the volcanic activity began, the depletion of the service industry has meant the majority of job vacancies now exist in the construction industry, an industry dominated by male intake. This male preference is causing a detrimental psychosocial fallout (Barnes, 2001) which has lowered self-perception and worth for women. According to Lee (1996), Montserratians are experiencing the pull of the UK and other locations away from the threat of volcanic activity as well as the push of poverty. In an attempt to achieve sustainable re-development of the island, three major government-backed agencies have been introduced. Firstly, the Montserrat Volcanic Observatory (MVO) provides the siland with detailed analysis of the volcanic activity, mainly through Radio Montserrat. As Jill Morten, director of the MVO (2003) states: The level of trust the people hold for the observatory is evident and the government and emergency department rely heavily on data from the observatory when changing the exclusion zone area or in case of an evacuation. Secondly, the Emergency Planning Department (EPD) was introduced to ensure the minimal impact of any natural disaster possible is experienced. As Horatio Tuitt (2003) from the EPD explained: The department have plans for every conceivable eventuality including Operation Exodus the plan to evacuate the entire island should it be necessary. Finally, the Physical Planning Department (PPD) ensures the most effective use and management of land on the island. Modern techniques are used to develop the island as Angela Greenaway (2003) states: Using base maps, surveying techniques and aerial photography, the department is working towards having the entire island plotted using GIS (Geographical Information Systems). It is hoped that with the successful management of the natural hazards which affect the island, the Tourist Industry will be able to re-develop itself and the national economy. The Government is targeting tourism as the main source of income as it was pre-1995 through re-development and since 1998, figures have steadily increased: * 1999 saw a 37% increase on the figures for 1998 * 2001 saw a further 9% increase on the figures for 2000 (West, 2003) Achieving sustainable development is key to the re-development of the island if it is to build for the future, this is possible in many ways including using the remnants of the eruption for tourism (such as Plymouth in its inundated state) and using the unique culture and habitat that characterises the island as a whole. The second method is perhaps one of the most important. As those who visit the island soon realise, Montserrat features a unique culture which welcomes visitors and when combined with the natural beauty of the island, creates an alternative to many other holiday destinations. Key to the re-development of the Montserratian tourist industry is for the UK to assist in the promotion of the island as a safe tourist destination and to curb the negative media attention surrounding the volcanic eruptions of recent years. Similarly, the promotion of the island needs to be enhanced with help from the UK (where many tourists are likely to come from) and a reduction in the reliance upon word-of-mouth and repeat visitors as mediums. The problems faced by the tourist industry in Montserrat are highlighted by Roselyn Cassell-Sealy of the National Development Fund (2002): Our incapacity to control the quantity and quality of the context of international news releases continues to handicap our attempts to market ourselves as an alternative small island tourist destination as well as a very real potential investment option. Currently, the Caribbean economy as a whole is a very complicated system originating from its colonial history (Boxhill, 1999). Most of the islands are still influenced or governed by their previous colonisers. More recently, the Caribbean countries are in the process of developing the idea of a Caribbean Single Market and Economy. Key features of which include the introduction of a single Caribbean currency, which would be utilised by all the full members of CARICOM (Caribbean Community Common Market) in an attempt to prevent marginalization and the influence of Trans-national Corporations. (Boxhill, 1999) Although Montserrat is a British Territory and is likely to be so for the foreseeable future, it is a member of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS), using the Eastern Caribbean Dollar ($EC) as its main currency. Despite its reliance upon the UK and EU for funding, Montserrat maintains full independent status within the OECS (Skelton, 2000). However, the Chief Minister has highlighted the islands intentions to join the Single Caribbean Currency should the plan come to fruition. Montserrat purveyed one of the stronger Caribbean economies prior to the volcanic crisis (Skelton, 2000). Despite the activity since 1995, the standard of living on the island is still of a reasonable quality and is much higher than on other Caribbean islands areas of Africa and South America. Processes such as Globalization (featuring increased communication and transport links), have attracted migrants from such areas. Montserrat is keen however not to allow the introduction of possible detrimental activities to the island such as drug and gun cultures which could spoil the image and portrayal the island is striving to achieve as part of its sustainable development. The Governor, Chief Minister and Press officer Keith Greaves highlighted such matters as well as the already evident cultural changes which are a feature of the modern global community and are brought to the island by tourists and migrants alike. Such actions do however introduce the possibility of a sense of confusion as to the national identity which Montserratians are attempting to ascertain. As Fergus (1994) comments; Montserrations are still not certain what they are. One part of the Monserratian culture which is evident, and indeed prominent, is the importance of religion to the people. Walking or driving through villages on a Sunday morning immediately presents the level of importance the church holds to the people. There is very little activity, except for those going to or from church. Communities appear to be based around religious activities and groups with most activities being held in the local church hall. It is difficult if not impossible to determine what the future holds for Montserrat and its people. The volcanic activity since 1995 has had several socio and cultural impacts on the Island. The people have been relocated, sometimes on several occasions and are uncertain where their future lies perhaps this is why so many have moved to security and a certain future associated with an alternative sense of being. Many of those who took advantage of the UK governments 2-year exceptional leave to enter granted in April 1996 allowing free entry to the UK for Montserratians. It is also important to point out that those who chose to remain or moved to the island are now located in one third of the original size of the island. Islanders are now therefore living more on top of each other and the scope for future conflicts greater than those already experienced through activity such as relocation is increased. If the island is to achieve sustainable development, the reliance upon the UK and EU will continue for some considerable period and it is difficult to see how Montserratians will be able to achieve a real sense of nationalism and complete identity until the island re-develops considerably. It is not of course a foregone conclusion that volcanic activity will cease in the short term. This raises the question as to whether the Southern area of the island will ever be safe to use again in light of recent events. Either way, the socio-cultural impacts on Montserratians lives are likely to continue until the island achieves a stable economy and structure similar to that which existed pre-volcanic activity. The question remains as to when and indeed if this will happen.

What Is a Fulbright ETTA Sample Essay?

What Is a Fulbright ETTA Sample Essay?The Fulbright ETTA Sample Essay is a great teaching tool for foreign language students. Not only is it an excellent guide for the purposes of preparing students for the ETTA, but it can also serve as a prelude to writing the paper. This article is going to talk about this sample essay and what you should do with it.ETTA stands for English Teaching Training To Africa. Fulbright USA is one of the international organizations that provides scholarships to American students who are interested in doing teaching or research work in a different country.The ETTA will help students assess their own talents and abilities. This is a great skill that will have a bearing on the success of the Fulbright ETTA Application.This is why the Fulbright ETTA Sample Essay will need to be much more than a generic essay sample. Since the essay is required for scholarship purposes, it needs to be able to be used as a benchmark or a guide.Lecturers should try to use this ex ample as a way to motivate their students. As a matter of fact, there are some excellent sources for this type of essay. Most often than not, these are the teacher colleges where the students will be visiting and getting advice.One of the best places to find this type of essay is the Internet. Here, you will find an abundance of information about the samples, as well as access to supplemental materials that will help students take full advantage of these ideas.You can find the various styles, the materials, and even the resources needed to produce the essay on the Internet. A student that uses this essay source will be able to learn a lot from it. Tutoring can be as easy as clicking a button or as hard as reading over the material again. It's up to the student. Now that you know what the Fulbright ETTA Sample Essay is all about, go ahead and give it a shot!

Comparison of Nora (A Dolls House) and Mrs.Alving (Ghosts).

Comparison of Nora (A Dolls House) and Mrs.Alving (Ghosts). Nora and Mrs. Alving are two main characters in Ibsen's plays. They are similar in some ways, but obviously they are both uniquely diverse. They play many of the same roles in their plays, and are probably the most similar two characters between "Ghosts" and "A Doll's House."Nora is a unique character, a kind not usually seen in most plays. She swings her mood often; she is either very happy or very depressed, comfortable or desperate, wise or na ­ve. At the beginning of the play, Nora still plays a child in many ways, listening at doors and eating forbidden sweets behind her husband's back. She has gone straight from her father's house to her husband's, bringing along her nursemaid which tells us that she hasn't really grown up. She also doesn't have much of an own opinion. She has always accepted her father's and her husband's opinions.Oswald PlushShe's aware that Torvald would have no use for a wife who was equal to him. But like many children, Nora knows how to manipulate Torva ld by pouting or by performing for him. In the end, it is the truth about her marriage that awakens Nora. Although she may suspect that Torvald is a weak, petty man, she believes that he is strong, that he'll protect her from the consequences of her actions. Then, at the moment of truth, he abandons her completely. She is shocked into reality and sees how fake their relationship has been. She realizes that her father and her husband have seen her as a doll, a toy to be played with, a figure without opinion or will of her own. She also realizes that she is treating her children the same way. Her whole life has been based on illusion rather than reality.Mrs. Alving married her late husband, Captain Alving, at her family' proposal, but she had a horrible marriage. She ran away to Pastor Manders, who she was attracted to, but he made her return to her husband. After enduring her husband's depravity for a while, she sent away Oswald at the age of seven, with the hope that he would never discover his dead father's immorality. Mrs. Alving built an orphanage to memorialize his death, and it was scheduled to be dedicated the following day. She didn't want anyone to know the truth about his person; she wanted everyone to think he was a great, honorable man. Fortunately, she at least had the compellation to tell her son the truth about his father.The occasions that arose for both characters were similar to some extent. One year into her marriage, Mrs. Alving, like Nora, walks out on her husband, fleeing to the house and into the arms of her friend Pastor Manders, only to be persuaded by him to return to her husband. Another similar occurrence was when Nora had to save her husband, by going into exile and away for a little bit, and Mrs. Alving saved her son by sending him into exile or at least away from their home so that Oswald would never have to grow up with his freelancing father.There were also some key differences between Nora and Mrs. Alving. In "A Doll's House", the reason of the union between Nora and Helmer relied on the husband's conception of integrity and unyielding devotion to social morality. He was the conventional, ideal husband and devoted father. Not so in Ghosts. Mrs. Alving married Captain Alving only to find that he was a physical and mental wreck, and that life with him would mean utter degradation and be fatal to her possible children. In her despair, she turned to her friend, Pastor Manders, who needed to be indifferent to necessities. He sent her back to shame and degradation, back to her duties to her husband and home. Happiness, to him, was the "unholy manifestation of a rebellious spirit," and a wife's duty was not to judge, but "to bear with humility the cross which a higher power had for your own good laid upon you."Mrs. Alving bore the cross for twenty-six long years. Not for the sake of the higher power, but for her little son Oswald, whom she longed to save from the poisonous atmosphere of her husband's home. Meanw hile, Nora fled her husband for the sake of the higher power, for the opportunity to find her own ideas and opinions, to gain an experience without the controlling factor that her husband had on her.

The Continental Airlines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

The Continental Airlines - Essay Example Last May and October, 2010, UAL created several mergers involving Continental Express JT Merger Sub Inc., and Continental, with Continental surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of UAL Corporation. At the last part of the Merger, the UAL became the parent company of both Continental and United and this was followed by change of name to United Continental Holding., Inc, its present name (Reuters, 2011b) UAL market share cannot be clearly determined but based on total of its ranking from the industry players in terms of sales for the past twelve trailing months, it shares a big part of the market. See Appendix C. UAL is part of those top ten in terms of revenues in the arilines industry. With almost 6,000 daily a day to more than 375 US domestic and international destinations from its hubs from various international airports that can be found in Guam, Denver, Houston Bush, Cleveland Hopkins, Los Angeles International Airport, San Francisco and Washington Dulles, one could imagine just how big the company is in reach of customers and related its market share. Its geographical locations can be determined by the extent of its domestic and international operations which can be described to be global. Continental flight destinations are throughout the US, Latin America, Europe and the Asia-Pacific Regions. Its major competitors are Delta Air, Southwest Airlines, and US Airways. A and Nip pon Airways (Reuters, 2011d). Although, this paper originally seeks to evaluate the Continental Airlines’ financial condition and strategies, analysis and discussion would now be on UAL or the holding company of which Continental and United are subsidiaries by looking at the how the company (UAL) has maximized value for its shareholders. The best way to determine whether the company has maximized value to its shareholders it estimates the company’s value in relation to what the market actually reflects. Valuation would be

How did the French support the Colonies during the American Revolution Research Paper

How did the French support the Colonies during the American Revolution - Research Paper Example The colonists probably would not have won the war without the aid of the country of France, who provided valuable support for the colonies. Fighting together against Great Britain, whom France considered a common enemy between the two countries, support was provided for the colonies at first only diplomatically. As the war progressed and the odds of winning shifted to favor the colonists, France provided direct aid in the form of officers, soldiers, and weapons to aid in battle, in addition providing ships and naval forces to help with battles at sea. The Founding Fathers of the nation considered an alliance with France largely because of the fact that they too disliked Great Britain, and with good reason. Wars were not unusual between the two countries, the most recent at that time being the French and Indian War, also known as the Seven Years War (Brinkley 96). At its conclusion, the French lost valuable territories to Great Britain in the land of what is now America, cementing a d islike that would not easily be forgotten (Brinkley 97). The Founding Fathers decided to use this dislike to their advantage, and approached France to form an alliance. French Assistance to the Colonies At first, while France provided aid, it was only by indirect means, with no overt assistance. From letters written by Benjamin Franklin in 1775, the French already had knowledge of the widening crisis between Great Britain and America, and were certainly not keen to support Great Britain (United States Office of the Historian). Through a delegation appointed to France in 1776 consisting of Silas Deane as well as Benjamin Franklin, King Louis XVI was persuaded through position papers of his advisors to give aid to the colonists (Dull 61). He provided the monetary means to equip the colonists with arms in the form of one million livres tournois (Dull 61). King Louis XVI also ordered two groups of ships from the French fleet to stand ready for prompt dispatch, should Great Britain move to blockade any French ports of sea (Dull 61). The money itself was not loaned directly to the American government, as this would have been seen as an overt act of war; Great Britain, at this time, was keeping close watch on French actions and France could not afford another war with them (Dull 61). Secrets piled on top of secrets to help America. Commerce became the solution. The French foreign minister Comte de Vergennes created a commercial company, which was then used as a go-between and given the million livres tournois (Dull 61). The money, through the company, purchased arms from the French government, including guns, gunpowder, and other military supplies, which it sold to the American Congress, to be exchanged for payment in American tobacco (Dull 61). Through means such as this, France was able to provide indirect aid to the American nation while remaining largely in the background of any conflict between Great Britain and the Americas. It also did not hurt the French to k now that, once again, their common enemy would be wounded one way or another by the French supplies. It was soon apparent that secret aid would not be enough for the American Revolution. While France was content to provide that aid and remain in the background, causing strife to the country of Great Britain by aiding the colonists, they were unsure of whether or not openly supporting the war would be a good decision.

Wisdom Tradition and how life is best lived Essay

Wisdom Tradition and how life is best lived - Essay Example They determine whether one lived his or her life the best way or not. This has always been the way of life for communities that have been guided by the teachings of their religious books. Besides, clergymen can be used to teach a number of people in the field to bring about the desired final effect. Plato and Augustine observed that all religions in the world did share number of specific truths. Among them are the wisdom books and teachings that are used to guide the respective folders. Through the perennialism theory, the various religious groups in the world have various truths that take care of their flock’s social, intellectual, and psychological needs of a given culture over a period. A number of people that include the founders of the various religions, prophets, and philosophers have further echoed this. Despite the fact that the scriptures might oppose each other superficially, one can distinguish a common doctrine for the final purpose of human life (Brown, 88). Through Socrates and Augustine, a number of philosophers have gained insight on what is meant by wisdom tradition that has been of the great contribution to the development of the field. Plato had a clear picture of what wisdom is. He defines it as the best thing in life. Essentially, he comes up with three platonic images of wisdom to make his wisdom perception clear. The icon of leaving the cave depicts wisdom as a factor that enlightens and illuminates the mind and the nation. With its possession, one is at the verge of having a new dimension of life. The second iconic point is wisdom as the tool that cares for the heart. Primarily, it does insist on ensuring that the knowledge is put into practice (Brown, 89). Most significantly, he professes that to mean that he is ever willing to learn. One must remain committed to learn and satisfy the intrinsic